Chronic kidney disease is emerging as a major public health challenge in Kenya. It is estimated that nearly four million Kenyans, about one in every 10 people, live with some form of kidney disease, and the numbers continue to rise. Many cases go undetected until the disease has reached an advanced stage. This is because kidney disease often develops silently, with few noticeable symptoms until significant damage has already occurred. Greater public awareness, routine screening, and better control of diabetes and high blood pressure can prevent thousands of Kenyans from progressing to dialysis or kidney transplantation. Protecting kidney health begins with knowledge, prevention, and timely medical care, writes Dr Ahmed Sokwala, associate professor of Nephrology at Aga Khan University’s Medical College, and consultant nephrologist at Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi.