After COVID-19: The journey towards recovery in Eastern Africa

Whilst Eastern Africa was spared the brunt of COVID-19 cases in comparison to other regions in the Global South, its health systems still felt the strain of the fast-moving and unpredictable virus. But it was the socioeconomic impacts that would reveal the greatest vulnerabilities. Income inequality and unemployment were exacerbated by quarantine measures and a sudden drop in economic activity. The region’s growing youth population was hit particularly hard, with increased mental health needs, a rise in gender-based violence and a loss of income-earning opportunities.

In June 2023, one of AKDN’s most transformative programmes in Eastern Africa came to an end. Launched in December 2020 across Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania and Mozambique, the programme supported more than 140,000 people to withstand the evolving health, social and economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, reaching a further 10 million people through awareness campaigns.

With funding from the European Union (EU), the AKDN East Africa COVID-19 Response Programme was led by the Aga Khan Foundation (AKF) in partnership with Aga Khan Health Services (AKHS), Aga Khan University (AKU), and Triggerise. It drew on the expertise of multiple partners, including local civil society organisations (CSOs) and community-based savings groups (CBSGs).

The programme focused on community resilience, health system strengthening, and youth health and livelihoods. Explore the highlights of each pillar below.

Pillar one: Building community resilience

Rapid response funds

Over €1 million in rapid response funds were distributed to CSOs and CBSGs across the region, so that they could distribute financial support to individuals and groups most in need.

Mohammed Rimba Kadzo received support through a CSO called the Human Development Agenda in Kwale County, Kenya. The RRF helped him buy a new artificial leg, meaning he could better manage his disability. He has since been able to start a new job as a school caretaker to provide for his family. Watch his story.

Stories of Hope

A key aspect of building community resilience was increasing awareness of COVID-19 and telling positive stories of hope to counter the negative news cycle. Led by AKU’s Graduate School of Media and Communications in Nairobi, the Stories of Hope programme supported 18 young journalists to hone their skills and produce stories; more than 125 stories have since been shared.

Tutu Tusiime, a journalist from Uganda, said, “In a time of a pandemic, where we as human beings had to adapt so much, telling stories of how people did that is very important. It shows we are capable of being human and going with whatever odds are thrown at us.” The skills Tutu and her classmates learnt went far beyond the stories they produced and have paved the way for an empowered future generation of journalists in East Africa.

In total, the programme reached more than 10 million people through media campaigns.

Support on wheels for people living with HIV

The year before the pandemic hit, there were 1.4 million people in Uganda living with HIV. The COVID-19 outbreak made life even more challenging – it was difficult for people with HIV to access nutritious food, psychosocial support and medical treatment.

Through local CSOs, AKF distributed food and other essential items to minimise the impact of the pandemic on people living with HIV. Community health workers received bicycles so that they could reach their patients faster and provide home support.

Pillar two: Strengthening health systems

Widespread COVID-19 awareness and testing

When the programme began, COVID-19 was spreading fast throughout the region. Misinformation was rife, and there was a degree of scepticism amongst communities that had limited access to accurate public health messaging. Throughout the programme, AKF and AKHS reached more than 10 million people with up-to-date messaging through national and regional media including Citizen TV, Kenya’s top television channel.

AKHS also worked to expand testing capacity and improve COVID-19 tracing systems, conducting more than 14,000 COVID-19 tests within low-income communities. In Nairobi’s Mukuru Kwa Njenga informal settlement, which has more than 700,000 residents, AKHS established pop-up testing clinics on the roadside so that passers-by could see that taking a test was safe, quick, and painless.

Bolstering healthcare institutions

The pace of the COVID-19 pandemic took its toll on health systems globally, and many lacked the infrastructure to withstand the influx of patients. Eastern Africa was no different, and despite fewer recorded cases than other parts of the continent, the actual number of people requiring medical care was at unprecedented levels.

Working in partnership with 25 government health facilities, from large hospitals to small community health clinics, AKF and AKHS supplied personal protective equipment, COVID-19 testing kits, intensive care equipment and medical goods, as well as improved existing infrastructure, including digital health platforms.

Training healthcare professionals

In addition to requiring new equipment and infrastructure to manage the pandemic, healthcare professionals across the world had to learn new ways of working. AKF and AKHS trained more than 1,700 medical practitioners across the region; much of the training was delivered through digital platforms, making it easier to cascade learnings to other staff, including outreach workers in remote communities.

At Kisumu County Hospital in western Kenya, staff were trained in advanced cardiac life support, strengthening their ability to respond to day-to-day emergencies and future health crises. Nurse Jane Akinyi said, “We have saved lives through this training. Now, I want to start a skills lab so that more of us can learn and refresh this critical knowledge.”

Pillar three: Supporting youth health and livelihoods

Improving access to sexual and reproductive health services

With the movement restrictions and school lockdowns imposed during the pandemic, it became even more challenging for girls and young women to access sexual and reproductive health rights (SRHR) services.

Through the programme, AKF partnered with Triggerise, a global NGO harnessing the power of tech to connect young people with health services, community networks, and life skills. Together, we scaled Triggerise’s Tiko app across the region, giving youth access to free SRHR products and services. During our programme, more than 32,000 young people used the platform. Young people are at the heart of these efforts; the Tiko platform relies on community mobilisers to raise awareness of its offering and ensure it functions effectively for the people it serves.

Empowering young entrepreneurs and enhancing employability

Africa has the youngest population in the world, with 70 percent of people in sub-Saharan Africa under the age of 30. This vibrant youth population provides an opportunity for economic growth, especially after the shock of COVID-19, but support is needed to enable young people to realise their full potential.

Through the programme, nearly 10,000 young people were trained in entrepreneurship and employability skills, enabling them to nurture new business ideas, grow existing businesses or enter the world of work. The training was delivered through local business development service partners with support from youth-led CSOs, and learners have since been able to pass on their knowledge to other youth. In many cases, young entrepreneurs have been able to employ their peers and develop youth skills through paid work, taking local economic growth into their own hands.

Meet Asma and Emmanuel, two young entrepreneurs, below.

Mental health support

AKU’s Institute for Human Development (IHD) led the mental health aspect of the programme, which provided mental health support to youth and engaged with schools to raise awareness. In Kenya, IHD partnered with CSOs to deliver a mental health literacy course in 15 schools, reaching 2,828 youth. Following the course, youth demonstrated renewed attitudes towards mental health. Their overall wellbeing showed positive changes, with reduced rates of depression and anxiety.

In collaboration with schools in Nairobi and Mombasa, IHD organised four impactful events to foster discussions around mental health among youth. These events featured talks, counselling support, drama skits, dance competitions, and games. During the programme, IHD also made valuable contributions to the scientific community by publishing research papers on mental health interventions for youth and presenting their work at renowned conferences in Kenya and France.

Explore the publications:

• Mental health interventions for adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review
• Mental health and psychological well-being of Kenyan adolescents from Nairobi and the Coast regions in the context of COVID-19

A lasting impact

The AKDN East Africa COVID-19 Response Programme took a holistic approach, nurturing sustainable solutions that would benefit communities long after the pandemic was over. Over the programme’s two-year timeline, the needs of Eastern Africa’s communities shifted, and in turn, AKF and our partners adapted our response to support them.

Together, we focused on enabling communities to rebuild local economies and fortify existing systems against future crises. From community health workers better able to respond to patient emergencies to youth equipped with skills to launch and sustain new businesses, thousands of people across Kenya, Uganda, Mozambique and Tanzania now embody the lasting impact of this programme, leading their communities towards a more resilient future.

Learn more about the impacts of the programme in this YouTube playlist, or read the original article for more photos.

This is a project funded by the European Union and the Aga Khan Foundation and implemented by agencies of the Aga Khan Development Network. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them.