His Highness Prince Karim al-Hussaini Aga Khan IV passed away on 4 February 2025, in Lisbon, Portugal, at the age of 88. He was the 49^th hereditary Imam (spiritual leader) of the Shia Ismaili Muslims. He held the position for 67 years after he succeeded his grandfather, Sir Sultan Mahomed Shah Aga Khan III, in 1957, at the age of 20.

His Highness was a direct descendant of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him and his family) through the Prophet’s cousin and son-in-law, Hazrat Ali, who was married to Hazrat Bibi Fatimat-az-Zahra, the Prophet’s daughter and only surviving child.

In his role as Imam of the Ismaili community, His Highness dedicated his efforts to the spiritual and material well-being of over 15 million Ismailis in more than 25 countries across Central Asia, the Middle East, South Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, Australasia, the Far East, Europe and North America.

He was committed to improving the quality of life of vulnerable populations through the Aga Khan Development Network (AKDN), and was recognised globally as a statesman and humanitarian.

Early life & family

His Highness was born on 13 December 1936 in Geneva. The eldest son of Prince Aly Khan by his first wife, Joan Yarde-Buller, he spent his early childhood in Nairobi, Kenya and attended the Institut Le Rosey in Switzerland. He graduated from Harvard University in 1959 with a Bachelor of Arts Degree in Islamic History.

His Highness was married twice. In 1969, he married Sarah Frances Croker Poole, who assumed the Muslim name Begum Salimah. They divorced in 1995. In 1998, His Highness married Gabriele Renate Thyssen, who assumed the Muslim name Begum Inaara. They divorced in 2011. He is survived by his children Princess Zahra, Prince Rahim, Prince Hussain and Prince Aly Muhammad, his brother Prince Amyn Muhammad, sister Princess Yasmin, and four grandchildren.

Imam of the Ismaili community

His Highness was the Imam of the Shia Ismaili Muslims. The Ismailis belong to the Shia branch of Islam, one of the two major interpretations of Islam, the Sunni being the other. Like all Muslims, Ismailis believe that the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him and his family) was the last and final Prophet of Allah, and that the Holy Qur’an, Allah’s final message to humankind, was revealed through him.

The role of the Ismaili Imam is to guide his community in both spiritual and material aspects of life, which are considered complementary and intertwined. His Highness led the interpretation of the faith and guided the Ismaili community to improve its quality of life and the well-being of those among whom the community resides.

Bridge building

An inspiring leader, gifted statesman and great humanitarian, the Aga Khan embodied the understanding, tolerance and ecumenism shared by the world’s great religions. He promoted the crucial importance of peace as a foundational building block for the progress of society. The Aga Khan’s personal efforts over the course of six decades played a vital role in bringing peace to a fragmented world. He facilitated diplomatic talks at regional and global levels, including the landmark 1985 summit between Presidents Reagan and Gorbachev in Geneva.

Throughout his life, His Highness emphasised the view of Islam as a thinking, spiritual faith: one that teaches compassion and tolerance and that upholds the dignity of humankind. As such, pluralism – the embrace and celebration of diversity – has formed a central pillar of the Ismaili Imamat’s work. In partnership with the Government of Canada, the Aga Khan founded the Global Centre for Pluralism in 2006. The Centre works with policy leaders, educators and community builders around the world to amplify and implement the transformative power of pluralism.

Continuing a familial history of public service – his grandfather was twice President of the League of Nations and his uncle was a long-serving UN High Commissioner for Refugees – His Highness cared deeply about the continued development of communities and societies, including, but not limited to, his own. This stemmed from the responsibility of the Imam, as he saw it, to help improve the quality of life of the most vulnerable populations.

To this end, and guided by the ethical principles of Islam, he established the Aga Khan Development Network.

The Aga Khan Development Network

His Highness founded what is today known as the Aga Khan Development Network more than 50 years ago. Its purpose is to improve the quality of life of those in need – regardless of origin, race, gender, or religion – through efforts in health care, education, habitat, culture and the creation of economic opportunity. The AKDN is active in more than 30 countries, with a particular focus on some of the poorest parts of Asia and Africa.

His Highness guided all the agencies that comprise the AKDN to work closely with national and local governments on a politically neutral basis, and to identify and implement solutions in a collaborative manner. The alleviation of poverty, enhancement of pluralism and gender equality, and protection of the environment are among its key areas of focus.

This institutional framework and holistic approach have led to the establishment of two universities, over 200 schools and more than 700 health facilities. There are parks and gardens; foundations that work in social and cultural development, as well as microfinance; programmes in environmental protection and climate change mitigation, habitat planning, disaster preparedness and humanitarian assistance. There are also businesses in commercial banking, insurance, telecommunications, energy, tourism and media.

The AKDN’s impact is wide. For example, it annually generates electricity for 10 million people, provides health care to 5 million, educates 2 million students, and hosts 5 million visitors at its parks and gardens. With an annual budget of approximately US$1 billion for its non-profit activities, AKDN agencies employ some 96,000 people, the vast majority of whom are Asians and Africans living and working in their home countries or regions.

Engagement in education

Providing access to high-quality education in the developing world and promoting gender-equal education were among His Highness’s most important priorities. He inherited and enhanced schools that his grandfather, Aga Khan III, established in Asia and Africa, and expanded the portfolio of 200 schools to serve more than 85,000 students.

Following the tradition of his ancestors, who founded Al-Azhar University in Cairo in 970, His Highness placed great importance on education. He established the Aga Khan University in 1983 as Pakistan’s first private, internationally chartered university, which is home to leading medical, nursing and education faculties and programmes. It operates in six countries. In partnership with the governments of Tajikistan, the Kyrgyz Republic and Kazakhstan through an international treaty, he founded the University of Central Asia in 2000 to improve the social and economic development of Central Asia with special attention to its high mountain societies. His Highness also welcomed and supported partnerships with leading universities across the world, and endowed programmes at Harvard, MIT and Brown.

Patron of the arts

The Aga Khan was deeply engaged in the arts and cultural matters, and established programmes and initiatives to support architecture, music and conservation. The Aga Khan Award for Architecture – established in 1977, and with a prize fund of $1 million – is awarded every three years to projects that set new standards of excellence in architecture, planning practices, preservation and landscape architecture, while the Aga Khan Music Programme fosters the development of musical heritage in societies where Muslims have a significant presence. The Aga Khan Historic Cities Programme supports the delivery of restoration and conservation projects and the creation of parks and gardens, such as the Al-Azhar Park in Cairo. Underlining his commitment to preserving Muslim heritage, in 2014 His Highness opened the Aga Khan Museum in Toronto, home to over 1,000 masterpieces showcasing the arts of Muslim civilisations.

Sporting pursuits

Building on a long family tradition, the Aga Khan was a globally recognised horse owner and breeder. With stud farms in France and Ireland where his racehorses are bred and raised, His Highness had five Derby winners – including Shergar, who won the Irish and Epsom Derbys – four winners of the Prix de l’Arc de Triomphe, and a record seven winners of the Prix de Diane. An accomplished skier, His Highness represented Iran in the 1964 Innsbruck Winter Olympics.

Titles and honours

In keeping with the recognition accorded to the previous three Aga Khans by the British monarchs, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II granted the title His Highness to Aga Khan IV in 1957. In acknowledgement of his exceptional contributions to human development and improving the social condition of societies globally, His Highness received distinctions of honour from France, Portugal, Kenya, Canada, the United Kingdom, Iran, India, Pakistan and Senegal. He received 44 international awards, including honorary Canadian citizenship and the UN Champion for Global Change Award, and was the recipient of 24 honorary degrees from leading institutions such as Cambridge, Harvard and McGill.